# KPV Peptide References: PubMed, DOI, and FDA Sources

> KPV peptide references and citations: the PubMed-indexed studies and FDA sources behind every quantitative claim on this site, with DOIs and full URLs.

Every quantitative claim on this site maps to one of these sources. Identifiers were re-verified against PubMed, Crossref, and FDA.gov.

## How to use this list

The numbered markers throughout this site resolve to the entries below. Peer-reviewed studies carry their journal, year, DOI where one exists, and a PubMed URL; regulatory facts cite FDA.gov pages directly. Secondary web sources are notoriously unreliable for KPV identifiers, so each PMID and DOI here was checked at the primary source rather than copied from an aggregator. Where the literature is a review rather than a primary study, the entry says so.

## References

[1] Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin L, Nguyen HT, Yan Y, Sitaraman S, Merlin D. PepT1-mediated tripeptide KPV uptake reduces intestinal inflammation. Gastroenterology. 2008;134(1):166-178. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18061177/
[2] Kannengiesser K, Maaser C, Heidemann J, et al. Melanocortin-derived tripeptide KPV has anti-inflammatory potential in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008;14(3):324-331. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18092346/
[3] Getting SJ, Schiöth HB, Perretti M. Dissection of the anti-inflammatory effect of the core and C-terminal (KPV) alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2003;306(2):631-637. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12750433/
[4] Brzoska T, Luger TA, Maaser C, Abels C, Bohm M. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and related tripeptides: biochemistry, antiinflammatory and protective effects in vitro and in vivo, and future perspectives for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):581-602. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18612139/
[5] Xiao B, Xu Z, Viennois E, et al. Orally Targeted Delivery of Tripeptide KPV via Hyaluronic Acid-Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis. Mol Ther. 2017;25(7):1628-1640. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28143741/
[6] Bonfiglio V, Camillieri G, Avitabile T, Leggio GM, Drago F. Effects of the COOH-terminal tripeptide alpha-MSH(11-13) on corneal epithelial wound healing: role of nitric oxide. Exp Eye Res. 2006;83(6):1366-1372. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16965771/
[7] Bohm M, Schiller M, Stander S, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, MSH 11-13 KPV and adrenocorticotropic hormone signalling in human keratinocyte cells. J Invest Dermatol. 2004;122(3):597-603. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15102092/
[8] Bohm M, Luger T. Are melanocortin peptides future therapeutics for cutaneous wound healing? Exp Dermatol. 2019;28(3):219-224. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30661264/
[9] Kim S, et al. Lysine-Proline-Valine peptide mitigates fine dust-induced keratinocyte apoptosis and inflammation. Tissue Cell. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40073467/
[10] Barcellini W, Colombo G, La Maestra L, et al. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone peptides inhibit HIV-1 expression in chronically infected promonocytic U1 cells and in acutely infected monocytes. J Leukoc Biol. 2000;68(5):693-699. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11073109/
[11] Catania A, Cutuli M, Garofalo L, et al. New insights into the functions of alpha-MSH and related peptides in the immune system. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2003;994:133-140. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12851308/
[12] Ji HX, Zou YL, Duan JJ, et al. The synthetic melanocortin (CKPV)2 exerts anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effects against Candida albicans vaginitis via inducing macrophage M2 polarization. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56004. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23457491/
[13] Exploring the Role of Tripeptides in Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Med Sci. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41209547/
[14] Zhang D, et al. PepT1-targeted nanodrug based on co-assembly of anti-inflammatory peptide and immunosuppressant for combination treatment of acute and chronic DSS-induced colitis. Front Pharmacol. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39211778/
[15] Zhao Y, et al. Skin-adaptive film dressing with smart-release of growth factors accelerated diabetic wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol. 2022;222(Pt A):1738-1748. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36240893/
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act. FDA, verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[17] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee. FDA Advisory Committee Calendar, verified 2026-05-29. https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026

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A holographic readout of the published KPV tripeptide record — each gut, skin, and wound-repair finding logged to its primary source and tagged by evidence strength, the absent human trials and the FDA-evaluation standing left lit in plain sight; no clinic behind the console and nothing here dispensed or sold.